For nearly forty years, Understanding and Using English Grammar has been the go-to grammar resource for students and teachers alike. Its time-tested approach blends direct grammar instruction with carefully sequenced practice to develop all language skills.
New to Fifth Edition: Pretests at the start of each chapter enable learners to check what they already know. Updated grammar charts reflect current usage and highlight differences between written and spoken English. A new chapter on article usage. A variety of high-interest readings include reviews, articles on current topics, and blogs that focus on student success. Additional incremental practice helps learners better grasp concepts, while thematic exercises and integrated tasks offer more contextualized language use. Step-by-step writing activities are supported by writing tips and pre-writing and editing tasks. New Essential Online Resources include Student Book audio, Student Book answer key, Grammar Coach videos, and self-assessments.
Understanding and Using English Grammar. Student's Book. (2016, 5th, 509p.)
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Audio (20 16 , 5 th)
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Understanding and Using English Grammar. Teacher's Guide. (2017, 5th, 285p.)
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Understanding and Using English Grammar. Student's Book with Answer Key. (2009, 4th, 548p.)
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Understanding and Using English Grammar. Workbook. (2009, 4th, 299p.)
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Audio CD1-2. (2009, 4th)
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��� ����� ���� ����� / The Azar Grammar Series
Student's Book. Fifth Edition.
Preface to the Fifth Edition xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Chapter 1 PRESENT AND PAST; SIMPLE AND PROGRESSIVE 1
1-1 Simple Present and Present Progressive 2
1-2 Simple Present and Present Progressive: Affirmative, Negative, Question Forms 5
1-3 Verbs Not Usually Used in the Progressive (Stative Verbs) 7
1-4 Simple Past Tense 12
1-5 Simple Past vs. Past Progressive 16
1-6 Unfulfilled Intentions: Was/Were Going To 21
Chapter 2 PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE TENSES 25
2-1 Regular and Irregular Verbs 26
2-2 Irregular Verb List 26
2-3 Present Perfect: Since and For 29
2-4 Present Perfect: Unspecified Time and Repeated Events 31
2-5 Have and Has in Spoken English 35
2-6 Present Perfect vs. Simple Past 36
2-7 Present Perfect Progressive 40
2-8 Past Perfect 44
2-9 Had in Spoken English 46
2-10 Past Perfect Progressive 47
Chapter 3 FUTURE TIME 53
3-1 Simple Future: Forms of Will and Be GoingTo 54
3-2 milvs. Be GoingTo 56
3-3 Expressing the Future in Time Clauses 60
3-4 Using the Present Progressive and the Simple Present to Express Future Time 62
3-5 Future Progressive 63
3-6 Future Perfect and Future Perfect Progressive 65
Chapter 4 REVIEW OF VERB TENSES 70
Chapter 5 SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT 78
5-1 Final -sl-es: Use and Spelling 79
5-2 Basic Subject-Verb Agreement 80
5-3 Collective Nouns 82
5-4 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using Expressions of Quantity 84
5-5 Subject-Verb Agreement: Using There + Be 86
5-6 Subject-Verb Agreement: Some Irregularities 88
Chapter 6 NOUNS 94
6-1 Regular and Irregular Plural Nouns 95
6-2 Nouns as Adjectives 98
6-3 Possessive Nouns 101
6-4 More About Expressing Possession 103
6-5 Count and Noncount Nouns 105
6-6 Noncount Nouns 107
6-7 Some Common Noncount Nouns 107
6-8 Expressions of Quantity Used with Count and Noncount Nouns 110
6-9 Using A Few and Few; A Little and Little 113
6-10 Singular Expressions of Quantity: One, Each, Every 115
6-11 Using Of in Expressions of Quantity 117
Chapter 7 ARTICLES 122
7-1 Articles (A, An, The) with Indefinite and Definite Nouns 123
7-2 Articles: Generic Nouns 125
7-3 Descriptive Information with Definite and Indefinite Nouns 128
7-4 General Guidelines for Article Usage 130
7-5 Using The or 0 with Titles and Geographic Names 134
Chapter 8 PRONOUNS 139
8-1 Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives 140
8-2 Agreement with Generic Nouns and Indefinite Pronouns 145
8-3 Personal Pronouns: Agreement with Collective Nouns 146
8-4 Reflexive Pronouns 147
8-5 Using You, One, and They as Impersonal Pronouns 151
8-6 Forms of Other 153
8-7 Common Expressions with Other 157
Chapter 9 MODALS, PART 1 161
9-1 Basic Modal Introduction 162
9-2 Expressing Necessity: Must, Have To, Have Got To 163
9-3 Lack of Necessity (Not Have To) and Prohibition (Must Not) 165
9-4 Advisability/Suggestions: Should, Ought To, Had Better, Could 167
9-5 Expectation: Be Supposed To/Should 171
9-6 Ability: Can, Know How To, and Be Able To 173
9-7 Possibility: Can, May, Might 175
9-8 Requests and Responses with Modals 176
9-9 Polite Requests with WouldYou Mind 177
9-10 Making Suggestions: Let's, Why Don't, Shall I/We 180
Chapter 10 MODALS, PART 2 184
10-1 Using Would to Express a Repeated Action in the Past 185
10-2 Expressing the Past: Necessity, Advisability, Expectation 187
10-3 Expressing Past Ability 191
10-4 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time 192
10-5 Degrees of Certainty: Present Time Negative 194
10-6 Degrees of Certainty: Past Time 196
10-7 Degrees of Certainty: Future Time 199
10-8 Progressive Forms of Modals 201
10-9 Combining Modals with Phrasal Modals 205
10-10 Expressing Preference: Would Rather 207
10-11 Summary Chart of Modals and Similar Expressions 208
Chapter 11 THE PASSIVE 215
11-1 Active vs. Passive 216
11-2 Tense Forms of the Passive 217
11-3 Using the Passive 219
11-4 The Passive Form of Modals and Phrasal Modals 225
11-5 Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive 231
11-6 Common Stative (Non-Progressive) Passive Verbs + Prepositions 234
11-7 The Passive with Get 238
11-8 -edl-ing Adjectives 241
Chapter 12 NOUN CLAUSES 247
12-1 Introduction 248
12-2 Noun Clauses with Question Words 249
12-3 Noun Clauses with Whether or If 253
12-4 Question Words Followed by Infinitives 256
12-5 Noun Clauses with That 257
12-6 Quoted Speech 260
12-7 Reported Speech 262
12-8 Reported Speech: Modal Verbs in Noun Clauses 264
12-9 The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses 267
Chapter 13 ADJECTIVE CLAUSES 272
13-1 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Subject 273
13-2 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Verb 276
13-3 Adjective Clause Pronouns Used as the Object of a Preposition 278
13-4 Using Whose 280
13-5 Using Where in Adjective Clauses 282
13-6 Using When in Adjective Clauses 284
13-7 Using Adjective Clauses to Modify Pronouns 287
13-8 Punctuating Adjective Clauses 288
13-9 Using Expressions of Quantity in Adjective Clauses 292
13-10 Using Which to Modify aWhole Sentence 293
13-11 Reducing Adjective Clauses to Adjective Phrases 295
Chapter 14 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 1 302
14-1 Gerunds and Infinitives: Introduction 303
14-2 Common Verbs Followed by Gerunds 304
14-3 Common Verbs Followed by Infinitives 306
14-4 Infinitives with Objects 308
14-5 Common Verbs Followed by Either Infinitives or Gerunds 311
14-6 Using Gerunds as the Objects of Prepositions 316
14-7 Go + Gerund 321
14-8 Special Expressions Followed by -ing 323
14-9 It + Infinitive; Gerunds and Infinitives as Subjects 325
14-10 Reference List ofVerbs Followed by Infinitives 327
14-11 Reference List of Verbs Followed by Gerunds 328
14-12 Reference List of Preposition Combinations Followed by Gerunds 329
Chapter 15 GERUNDS AND INFINITIVES, PART 2 334
15-1 Infinitive of Purpose: In Order To 335
15-2 Adjectives Followed by Infinitives 337
15-3 Using Infinitives with Too and Enough 339
15-4 Passive Infinitives and Gerunds: Present 340
15-5 Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds: Active and Passive 343
15-6 Using Gerunds or Passive Infinitives Following Need 345
15-7 Using Verbs of Perception 347
15-8 Using the Simple Form After Let and Help 348
15-9 Using Causative Verbs: Make, Have, Get 349
15-10 Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund 352
Chapter 16 COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS 357
16-1 Parallel Structure 358
16-2 Parallel Structure: Using Commas 359
16-3 Punctuation for Independent Clauses; Connecting Them with And and But 362
16-4 Paired Conjunctions: Both . And; Not Only . But Also; Either. Or;Neither. Nor 364
Chapter 17 ADVERB CLAUSES 370
17-1 Introduction 371
17-2 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Time Relationships 373
17-3 Using Adverb Clauses to Show Cause and Effect 378
17-4 Expressing Contrast (Unexpected Result): Using Even Though 379
17-5 Showing Direct Contrast: While 381
17-6 Expressing Conditions in Adverb Clauses: /^-Clauses 382
17-7 Shortened //-Clauses 383
17-8 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Whether Or Not and Even If 384
17-9 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using In Case 386
17-10 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Unless 387
17-11 Adverb Clauses of Condition: Using Only If 388
Chapter 18 REDUCTION OF ADVERB CLAUSES TO MODIFYING ADVERBIAL PHRASES 392
18-1 Introduction 393
18-2 Changing Time Clauses to Modifying Adverbial Phrases 394
18-3 Expressing the Idea of "During the Same Time" in Modifying Adverbial Phrases 395
18-4 Expressing Cause and Effect in Modifying Adverbial Phrases 395
18-5 Using Upon + -ing in Modifying Adverbial Phrases 399
Chapter 19 CONNECTIVES THAT EXPRESS CAUSE AND EFFECT, CONTRAST, AND CONDITION 404
19-1 Introduction 405
19-2 Using Because O/and Due To 406
19-3 Cause and Effect: Using Therefore, Consequently, and So 408
19-4 Summary of Patterns and Punctuation 410
19-5 Other Ways of Expressing Cause and Effect: Such . That and So . That 412
19-6 Expressing Purpose: Using So That 414
19-7 Showing Contrast (Unexpected Result) 416
19-8 Showing Direct Contrast 418
19-9 Expressing Conditions: Using Otherwise and Or (Else) 420
Chapter 20 CONDITIONAL SENTENCES AND WISHES 426
20-1 Overview of Basic Verb Forms Used in Conditional Sentences 427
20-2 Expressing Real Conditions in the Present or Future 428
20-3 Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Present or Future 430
20-4 Unreal (Contrary to Fact) in the Past 432
20-5 Using Progressive Verb Forms in Conditional Sentences 438
20-6 Using "Mixed Time" in Conditional Sentences 440
20-7 Omitting // 441
20-8 Implied Conditions 443
20-9 Wishes About the Present and Past 445
20-10 Wishes About the Future; Use of Wish + Would 448
Appendix SUPPLEMENTARY GRAMMAR CHARTS 452
Unit A: Basic Grammar Terminology 452
A-l Subjects, Verbs, and Objects 452
A-2 Adjectives 452
A-3 Adverbs 453
A-4 Prepositions and Prepositional Phrases 453
A-5 Preposition Combinations with Adjectives and Verbs 454
Unit B: Questions 455
B-l Forms of YesINo and Information Questions 455
B-2 Question Words 456
B-3 Shortened YesINo Questions 458
B-4 Negative Questions 458
B-5 Tag Questions 459
Unit C: Contractions 460
Unit D: Negatives 461
D-l Using Not and Other Negative Words 461
D-2 Avoiding Double Negatives 461
D-3 Beginning a Sentence with a Negative Word 461
Unit E: Verbs 462
E-l The Verb Be 462
E-2 Spelling of-ing and -edWerb Forms 462
E-3 Overview of Verb Tenses 463
E-4 Summary of Verb Tenses 465
E-5 Regular Verbs: Pronunciation of -ed Endings 466
E-6 Pronunciation of Final -s in Verbs and Nouns 466
E-7 Linking Verbs 467
E-8 Troublesome Verbs: Raise/Rise, SetlSit, Lay/Lie 467
E-9 Irregular Verbs: An Alphabetical Reference List 468
Listening Script 471
Index 481
Credits 491
Understanding and Using English Grammar is a developmental skills text for intermediate to advanced English language learners. It functions principally as a classroom teaching text but also serves as a comprehensive reference text for students and teachers.
Understanding and Using English Grammar takes a time-tested approach that blends direct grammar instruction with carefully sequenced practice to develop all language skills. Grammar is viewed as an organizing system to help students make sense of the language they see and hear, rather than as a mere collection of rules. This perspective provides a natural, logical framework for students to make English their own.
This edition has been extensively revised to keep pace with advances in theory and practice. Every aspect of the previous edition was reviewed, including the charts, exercises, and sequencing of grammar points. We are excited to introduce significant new features and updates:
� New as well as updated grammar charts based on corpus research reflect current usage and highlight the differences between written and spoken English in informal and formal contexts.
� Pretests at the start of chapters let learners check what they already know and orient themselves to the chapter content.
� A wide range of thematic exercises provides opportunities for contextualized language use.
� A variety of new readings covers current topics, strategies for student success, study skills, and other academic and practical content.
� More meaning-based and step-by-step practice helps learners better grasp concepts underlying the target grammar.
� Article use (a, the, an) is now the focus of an entire chapter.
� New guided writing activities are supported by writing tips and editing tasks.
� Self-study practice for gerunds and infinitives has been added, beginning with Chapter 1, so that students can learn at their own pace.
� A fresh design includes a generous use of photos to add interest and serve as the basis for fluency practice.
� A large increase in the number of exercises supports teachers who would prefer not to supplement.
� Three topics, absent in the Fourth Edition, are back in the Fifth Edition: The Subjunctive in Noun Clauses, Past Forms of Infinitives and Gerunds, and Using a Possessive to Modify a Gerund.
